Reasons as a way of knowing: Logical Fallacies

Appeal to Pity:
When a person attempts to create pity for teh argument instead of adding another claim. Pity does not serve as evidence for a claim. "1+1=46 because I'm dying."
Slippery Slope:
When a person says something must happen after the first event without any evidence and they continue making concluding claims that do not inevitably follow the first claim even though they are presented to be supportive. "You have to get an A+ on your report card or you'll be working at McDonalds for the rest of your life and be miserable."
Appeal to authority:
This is when something is assumed to be true just because the person making the claim is supposed to be an expert. "Sara knows all about fashion therefore if she is wearing socks and sandals they must be in fashion."
Appeal to fear:
When someone makes a claim intended to induce fear then makes a supporting claim that must be true because it is generally related. "You had better admit that God is real, if you do not then you will suffer in Hell."
Red Herring:
A.K.A wild goose chase, smoke screen. This is when another topic is introduced into the discussion in order to distract away from the original claim, it is a way to win by redirecting the course of the discussion with a red herring. ""We admit that this measure is popular but we urge you to note that there are so many bond issues on this ballot that the whole thing is getting ridicules.
Post hoc, ergo propter hoc:
A.K.A False cause, questionable cause.An argument saying that because something happened first then the thing that happened after it was because of that thing even if the two are not related. "I first kissed James in first grade, now I'm pregnant with Cory's baby in 12th grade."
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Obama Ad Seven:
This is an example of the fallacy appealing to pity or appealing to fear. They are saying because John McCaine has seven houses that he will not be able to do anything about the housing crisis. They make you feel bad for the young child living in a small house then blame John McCaine even though the two aren't really related, they also introduce fear in order to make people afraid for their belongings in order to make people more willing to listen to their claims and under supported conclusion.
http://www.fallacydetective.com/news/read/fallacies-from-obama-and-mccain